Abstract
The rapidly evolving and growing adoption of app-based shared-mobility platforms and TNCs, popularly called ride-hailing services, have expounded the discourse on mode-choice dissonance while provoking numerous public interest questions on how they fit or disrupt more conventional transport options. The contested dialogue on how these uniquely adopted mobility landscapes interact and impact transportation demand management decisions have produced notable yet unclear outcomes. Whereas critics of ride-hailing services challenge TNCs to compete with transit ridership demand and revenue, delaying bus services and adding to congestion – others contrastingly downplay these empirical claims to the effect that they complement transit adoption by providing multi-modal travel alternatives. Using data from the NHTS with an aggregated 399, 1017 and 4,044 household, individual and trip-level observations, this study empirically examines the intricate relationships between ride-hailing and transit service adoption in one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States. Findings showed that temporal user adoption surge periods for these two transport modes were not simultaneous – partly undermining user demand competition amongst them. While spatial patterns of adoption locations for Transit-TNC users did not demonstrate significant mode-substitution effects, the distribution of TNC adoption locations and trip purposes within the region suggested a somewhat weak multi-modal integration. Results from two regression models further demonstrated that although ride-hailing service usage has a statistically significant positive association with the count of transit user adoption, a unit increase in ride-hailing service usage may not significantly influence the odds likelihood of public transit ridership. The implications of planning for their successful inter-modal complementarities and a sustainable future for urban travel are discussed.
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