Content of Phenolic Compounds in Meadow Vegetation and Soil Depending on the Isolation Method

Anna Ziolkowska,Magdalena Banach-Szott,Bozena Debska

doi:10.3390/molecules25225462

Anna Ziolkowska, Magdalena Banach-Szott + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225462

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Abstract

The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of the hydrolysis method on the amounts of phenolic compounds in the plant material in soil and, as a consequence, on the parameters to determine the degree of lignins transformation in soils. The study included the plant material (hay, sward, and roots) and soil—Albic Brunic Arenosol (horizon A, AE, and Bsv) samples. Phenolic compounds were isolated at two stages by applying acid hydrolysis followed by alkaline re-hydrolysis. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography with a DAD. The content of phenolic compounds in the extracts depended on the hydrolysis method and it was determined by the type of the research material. The amounts of phenolic compounds contained in the alkaline hydrolysates accounted for 55.7% (soil, horizon Bsv)—454% (roots) of their content in acid hydrolysates. In the extracts from acid hydrolysates, chlorogenic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were dominant. In the alkaline extracts from the plant material, the highest content was recorded for p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and in the extracts from soil, ferulic and chlorogenic acids. A combination of acid and alkaline hydrolysis ensures the best extraction efficiency of insoluble-bound forms of polyphenols from plant and soil material.

Highlights

Phenolic acids and phenolic aldehydes represent a group of polyphenols, common in plant tissues.They are secondary metabolites with a varied chemical composition and biological properties [1,2].In plants, they are mostly found in bound forms, as esters or glycosides, as lignin and tannin hydrolyzing components [1]
There was considerable variation in the content of respective phenolic compounds, which occur in the extracts from acid hydrolysates and alkaline re-hydrolysates and the plant material and soil samples
18 plant material samples and 18 soil samples were analyzed, whereas the results provided in the tables are mean values for the three stands specified and two distances (5 and 25 m)

Summary

Introduction

Phenolic acids and phenolic aldehydes represent a group of polyphenols, common in plant tissues.They are secondary metabolites with a varied chemical composition and biological properties [1,2].In plants, they are mostly found in bound forms, as esters or glycosides, as lignin and tannin hydrolyzing components [1]. Phenolic acids and phenolic aldehydes represent a group of polyphenols, common in plant tissues They are secondary metabolites with a varied chemical composition and biological properties [1,2]. Hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives, e.g., dihydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic (PA), salicylic (SA), syringic (SYR), and vanillic (VA) acids; Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives, e.g., cinnamic, ferulic (FEA), p-coumaric (p-CO), and caffeic (CA) acids. Another group of phenolic compounds are depsides of the molecule core, which includes an ester bond, e.g., chlorogenic acid (CHA) is produced as a result of a combination of the carboxyl group of caffeic acid with the phenolic group of quinic acid [2].

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