Abstract
Variations in the essential oil composition of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert from different European countries were determined. A total of 39 components were identified, representing over 92% of the total oil yield. The principal biologically active compounds in chamomile oils were bisabolol oxide A (3.1–56.0%), α-bisabolol (0.1–44.2%), bisabolol oxide B (3.9–27.2%), cis-enyne-bicycloether (8.8–26.1%), bisabolon oxide A (0.5–24.8%), chamazulene (0.7–15.3%), spathulenol (1.7–4.8%) and (E)-β-farnesene (2.3–6.6%). In 8 chamomile samples from 13, bisabolol oxide A (27.5–56.0%) was predominant (among them in three Estonian samples). α-Bisabolol (23.9–44.2%) was predominant in the samples from Moldova, Russia and the Czech Republic. The sample from Armenia was rich in bisabolol oxide B (27.2%) and chamazulene (15.3%). The oils were obtained in yields of 0.7–6.7 mL kg−1 and the minimum limit of 4 mL kg−1 stated by the European Pharmacopoeia was exceeded only in 13 samples from 13 analysed drugs.
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