Contemporary view on hypertension: From diagnostics to treatment

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is a persistent increase in resting systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure than recommended thresholds. An increase in blood pressure without a known cause is the most common. Hypertension with a known cause is usually associated with obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, primary aldosteronism, diabetes, or obesity. Usually, symptoms appear only with severe or prolonged course. Diagnosis is based on sphygmomanometry. Diagnosis allows to determine the cause, evaluate the lesion, and also identify other cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment includes lifestyle changes and medications, including diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. In this article latest study are stated in terms of early identification, diagnosis and timely management of this disease. Knowing risk factors and predictors allows health care workers early identification and management of high blood pressure as well as reduce the burden associated with its complications.