Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is estimated that by 2010, approximately 2.6 million people will be affected in USA; by 2050, that number may increase to 10 million patients. Generally, rate control alone is reasonable in some AF patients, especially asymptomatic patients. Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR) may be achieved by means of cardioversion, drugs or/ and catheter ablation. Pharmacological therapy can be useful to maintain SR and prevent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. All patients with AF regardless of whether a rhythm or rate control strategy recommend anticoagulant, antiplatelet or both combined therapy for prevention of thromboembolism, except those with lone AF or contraindications. Drug selection should be based upon the absolute risk of stroke, bleeding, the relative risk and benefit for a given patient. Biventricular pacing may overcome many of the adverse hemodynamic effects associated with RV pacing alone. A target individual ectopic foci ablation within the pulmonary vein (PV) has evolved to circumferential electrical isolation of the entire PV musculature. Cavotricuspid isthmus should be considered as first-line therapy for patients with typical atrial flutter. Completely non-fluoroscopic ablation guided by Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RTMRI) using a steerable and non-ferromagnetic catheter is a promising novel technology in interventional electrophysiology.
Highlights
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant cardiac rhythm disorder, and a progressive disease with higher mortality consequences
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is estimated that by 2010, approximately 2.6 million people will be affected in USA; by 2050, that number may increase to 10 million patients
Antithrombotic therapy to prevent thromboembolism is recommended for all patients with AF regardless of whether a rhythm or a rate control strategy is chosen, except those with lone AF or contraindication
Summary
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant cardiac rhythm disorder, and a progressive disease with higher mortality consequences. The clinical impact of the disease burden of AF includes hemody-. The prevalence of AF is expected to increase dramatically, by 2050, that number may increase to 10 million patients [2], reflecting the aging US population and rising prevalence of AF risk factors [5,6]. Framingham Study demonstrated that men had a 1.5-fold greater risk of developing AF than women, and hypertension and diabetes were significant independent predictors of AF [8]. Despite the severe burden of disease and the potential for progression to a permanent state of arrhythmia, AF remains a highly treatable disorder, especially with early intervention [1]. Yang et al / World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2 (2012) 111-117 chest radiograph
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