Abstract
Corrosion protection is an important global issue. Corrosion affects all metal materials in industry, infrastructure, civil engineering, transport, biomedicine, etc. causing their deterioration and degradation. Corrosion protection is a necessity which enables the safe and well-functioning of metal structures and devices. In addition to long-term efficiency, corrosion protection should be environmentally and economically acceptable. Growing population with needs on modern and high-tech technologies is boosting consumption of base and rare earth metals. All these issues are putting high demands on area of corrosion protection with the main goal to prolong the life-time of metal materials, reduce the need for steeply increasing production and thus preserve resources. In this review contemporary modes of corrosion protection of metal materials with the emphasis on copper and aluminium base alloys as one of most important base metals are presented. These include corrosion inhibitors, conversion, sol-gel and hydrophobic coatings. Examples are our research studies over the last decade are presented.
Highlights
Annual mine production of copper was estimated to approximately 21 million tonnes in 2018.11 A 50% increase is expected in 10 years, even up to 350% by 2050.9,10 Considering these data it is reasonable to conclude that an efficient corrosion protection of base metal resources is a necessity
Various modes of corrosion protection of copperand aluminium-alloys-inhibitors, conversion coatings, sol-gel coatings, hydrophobic coatings-are presented aiming to retrospect our own investigations in this exciting field of research which is becoming increasingly important for the society as a whole
Similar as for inhibitors, we explored the possibility to improve the efficiency of conversion coatings by acting synergistically, i.e. combining different rare earth salts.[69,70,71]
Summary
Corrosion is a degradation of a material (usually a metal) due to its reaction with environment. The most important conversion coatings used for corrosion protection of ferrous and non-ferrous metal substrates are chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) and phosphate coatings These treatments were invented approximately 100 years ago[24] and they have been used in large-scale commercial applications over the last 60–70 years.[25] Chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) were first developed in 1915 by Bauer and Vogel[24] by treating aluminium for 2 h at 90 °C in a solution of potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium dichromate. Various modes of corrosion protection of copperand aluminium-alloys-inhibitors, conversion coatings, sol-gel coatings, hydrophobic coatings-are presented aiming to retrospect our own investigations in this exciting field of research which is becoming increasingly important for the society as a whole. Phobic coating to gain the active protection, artificially made scribe is made to simulate the corrosion damage and self-healing of damaged site is followed by electrochemical or non-electrochemical methods
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