Contemporary Evaluation of Incidence of Pre-diabetes and High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Adults of Gujarat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: In addition to the surge in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), currently more of young and middle aged adults are found at risk for T2DM in developing countries like India. Aim: With this fact in the background, the current study was conducted with an aim to understand the incidence and prevalence of pre-diabetes among adults of Gujarat. Methods: The survey study was conducted in Sourashtra part of Gujarat (N=230 adults; 32.9±9.6 years), India. Based on Capillary fasting blood glucose (CFBG) subjects were grouped into non-diabetes (n=108), pre-diabetes (n=92, 40%) and T2DM (n=30). Demographic data sheet (DDS) was used to assess the origin, socioeconomic status and habit of the respondents and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) screening form to detect the risk for T2DM. Results: Close to half of the screened subjects were newly diagnosed with pre-diabetes, among which one-ninth of them were (n=9; 9.8%) identified with high risk for T2DM. Statistical assessment manifested female subjects at higher risk based on low physical activity and higher waist circumference as compared to male. Substantially, risk identification with IDRS was in line with the expedited results of CFBG among pre-diabetes. Conclusion: Incidence of pre-diabetes among adults of Gujarat is found escalating. Matched with the data obtained from DDS, the current study identified diet, physical inactivity and higher waist circumference as most contributing factors increasing incidence of high risk for T2DM among females and more or less the same factors in male as well.