Contamination of the intake air of internal combustion engines of motor vehicles

Abstract

The paper presents the composition of atmospheric air as a mixture of gases that make up the solid and variable components, and the definitions of air pollutants are referenced. Gaseous and solid pollutants (dust) of the atmospheric air have been defined. Dusts were divided according to various criteria and their properties were given. Exemplary courses of immission of the fraction of solid particles are given, indicating a strong dependence of the immission on the seasons, days of the week and day and night. The sources and characteristics of artificial and natural pollutants in the atmospheric air are presented. It has been shown that the main sources of anthropogenic pollution in addition to industry and the automotive industry. Cars are a source of gaseous and particulate pollutants PM, and they also emit pollution from brake and clutch lining wear, as well as from tire and road wear. The main sources of natural air pollution were discussed, including volcanic eruptions, fires in landfills, forests, steppes and sand storms, as well as mineral dust (road dust) carried from the ground by vehicles. The properties of road dust are discussed: chemical and fractional composition, density, dust concentration in the air. It has been shown that the two basic components of the dust, silica and corundum, whose share in dust reaches 95%, also have the highest hardness, which may have a decisive influence on the wear of engine components. Various valuesof dust concentration in the air were presented depending on the type and condition of the ground and the conditions of use of vehicles. Keywords: mechanical engineering, internal combustion engines, air pollution sources, road dust