Abstract
The stagnant water bodies in India are sink for contaminant i.e. detergent, fertilizer, nutrients, heavy metal, pesticide, microbe, etc. The contamination and sources of elements i.e. Al, K, P, S, Cl, As, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediment, sludge and sewage materials of the most industrialized cities of central India i.e. Raipur, Bhilai and Korba is described. The dominated metals i.e. Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe and Mn in the geowaste materials (n = 20) contributed in the range of 4.8% - 36.3% with mean value of 10.2% ± 2.9%. The ∑4 concentration of nutrients i.e. P, K, S and Cl ranged from 1.2 - 12.5 g/kg with mean value of 7.9 ± 1.3 g/kg. The concentration of other heavy metals (HMs) i.e. As, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb ranged from 12 - 105, 35 - 175, 88 - 392, 14 - 77, 32 - 185, 38 - 626 and 18 - 228 mg/kg with mean value of 644 ± 78, 83 ± 15, 182 ± 41, 44 ± 7, 68 ± 18, 199 ± 71 and 85 ± 25 mg/kg, respectively. The spatial and vertical distribution, enrichment and sources of the elements in the sediments are discussed.
Highlights
The sediment consists of soil, pebbles, silt, clay and other materials [1]
Many of the sediments in our rivers, lakes, and oceans have been contaminated by pollutants i.e. black carbon, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and organochlorine pesticides, etc. [3]-[8]
The heavy metals (HMs) contaminations were reported in sediments of major rivers of the world [11]-[20]
Summary
The sediment consists of soil, pebbles, silt, clay and other materials [1]. The bottom of oceans, rivers, streams, How to cite this paper: Ramteke, S., Patel, K.S., Nayak, Y., Jaiswal, N.K., Jain, V.K., Borgese, L., Gianoncelli, A. and Bontempi, E. (2015) Contamination of Heavy Metals and Nutrients in Sediment, Sludge and Sewage of India. (2015) Contamination of Heavy Metals and Nutrients in Sediment, Sludge and Sewage of India. Many of the sediments in our rivers, lakes, and oceans have been contaminated by pollutants i.e. black carbon, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and organochlorine pesticides, etc. The HMs contaminations were reported in sediments of major rivers of the world [11]-[20]. The sludge, sewage, litter, marine boat traffic, and runoff waters are all potential sources for the HMs contamination of sediments [21]-[30]. The contamination of heavy metals (i.e. As, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) and nutrients (i.e. P, K, S and Cl) in the sediment, sludge and sewage of Raipur, central India is described
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