Abstract
Today, one of the important problems in the cultivation and maintenance of agricultural and domestic animals, both in industrial and private farms, is the spread of ecto- and endoparasites, which cause a significant decline in animal productivity, endanger their health and cause economic losses. The study of the level of distribution and conducting of diagnostic studies on parasitoses of animals in farms with different production orientation is an important and integral part of the overall complex of preventive and health-improving measures. The research was carried out during 2007–2017 in livestock enterprises of Kharkiv Oblast. As a part of the research work, 540 samples were collected from livestock farms, of which 180 were from the premises for keeping pigs, 100 from premises for keeping sheep, 120 from premises for keeping cattle, 80 from premises for dogs and 60 – from the surrounding territories of the livestock enterprises. We found that the objects of livestock rearing (pig complex, sheep farm, dairy farm, cynological center) in Kharkiv Oblast have a significant level of sanitary contamination with exogenous forms of helminths (21.7–45.6%) and the soil of the territories (20.0–36.6%). From samples taken from premises for pigs, eggs of four morphotypes were isolated (Ascaris suum – 5.3%, Trichuris suis – 14.6%, Oesophagostomum dentatum – 60.6%, Strongyloides ransomi – 19.4%), from premises for sheep – three morphotypes (Dicrocoelium lanceatum – 3.8%, Trichuris ovis – 29.3%, Strongylata spp. – 46.9%), from premises for cows – three morphotypes (Neoascaris vitulorum – 2.7%, Trichuris skrjabini – 12.9%, Strongylata spp. – 34.5%), premises for dogs – four morphotypes (Toxocara canis – 6.1%, Toxascaris leonina – 5.4%, Trichuris vulpis – 20.6%, Ancylostoma caninum – 17.5%). It should be noted that the places most contaminated with eggs of helminths were manure gutters (100%) and the floor of livestock buildings (50.0–86.7%). It has also been determined that, in the conditions of the cynological center, the Musca domestica was the source of environmental contamination with exogenous forms of Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis, and that the Muscina stabulans and Stomoxys calcitrans can be the source of spread of larvae of Ancylostoma caninum and eggs of Trichuris vulpis respectively.
Highlights
The invasion of parasites, when discharged with feces into the environment, pollutes the soil, water, vegetation and can persist for a long time (Paller & de Chavez, 2014; Tun et al, 2015; Dolbin & Khayrullin, 2017)
We found that on the territory of the police dogscenter in Kharkiv oblast, the premises and soil were contaminated with exogenous forms of Trichuris vulpis and Ancylostoma caninum helminths; despite the sanitary measures, 12.7% of dogs were infested with 4 types of helminths: Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis and Ancylostoma caninum
Through the examination of the livestock objects in Kharkiv oblast, we have found that they have a significant level of sanitary contamination with exogenous forms of helminths (21.7–45.6%) as does the soil of the territories (20.0–36.6%)
Summary
The invasion of parasites, when discharged with feces into the environment, pollutes the soil, water, vegetation and can persist for a long time (Paller & de Chavez, 2014; Tun et al, 2015; Dolbin & Khayrullin, 2017). Exogenous forms of helminths in the environment are represented by eggs and free-living invasive larvae (Blaszkowska et al, 2011; Mohd Zain et al, 2013; Steinbaum et al, 2017), posing a serious hygiene problem (Amadi & Uttah, 2010; Shalaby et al, 2010; Ngui et al, 2012). The main goal of veterinary sanitation is prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases of humans and animals, reduction of ecological pollution of the environment, including water, soils, feed and livestock products, elimination of epizootic outbreaks by means of disinfection, disinfestation, disinsection and deratization (Backhans & Fellström, 2012; Paliy et al, 2016; Spanu et al, 2016; Paliy et al, 2018). First and foremost, it is biological wastes that pose a threat to the veterinary well-being of farms, as they can be as a source of contamination of air, soil and water through pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases (Hutchison et al, 2005; Graves et al, 2009; Manyi-Loh et al, 2016)
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