Contamination Levels Remaining in Aznalcóllar Spill-Affected Soils (Spain) Following Pyritic Sludge Removal

Abstract

Potentially toxic elements (PTE) in aqua regia extracts were analyzed by ICP in order to determine the remaining degree of contamination of the selected points along Agrio and Guadiamar rivers. The studied area was affected in 1998 by the accidental spillage from a flotation plant for complex sulfides located at Aznalcóllar (Spain), it was covered by acidic waters and pyritic sludge. Emergency response for the remediation of the contaminated soils, for avoiding greater ecological impact, and waiting for possible ulterior remedial actions, was the removal of the superficial sludge. Sampling was done after the sludge removal operations 1 year after the spill, at different depths down to 300 cm. The results show that the soils affected are still contaminated by several PTE at different degrees and depths depending on their particular conditions. In general, superficial soil samples became highly contaminated. The contamination of soils is due, in general, to processes of sludge infiltration and PTE leaching. The sludge infiltration is due, in part, to the heavy machinery used to remove the sludge. A moderate degree of contamination remains in some soils down to 120 or 300 cm.