Contamination Characteristics，Detection Methods，and Control Methods of Antibiotic Resistance in Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Abstract

Pharmaceutical industry wastewater contains a large number of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics， antibiotic resistant bacteria （ARBs）， and antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs）. The present biological water treatment processes cannot effectively remove these pollutants. Eventually， they are discharged into various water bodies or penetrate into soil with the effluent， causing environmental pollution and affecting human health. Therefore， exploring the pollution characteristics of antibiotics， ARBs， and ARGs in pharmaceutical wastewater and knowing the methods to detect and control antibiotic resistance pollution in wastewater are crucial for reducing the contamination of antibiotics and ARGs and assessing the ecological risks of antibiotic resistance. Aiming at the problem of antibiotic resistance pollution in a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant （PWWTPs）， the pollution status of antibiotics， ARBs， and ARGs in pharmaceutical wastewater was discussed. Different assessment methods of antibiotic resistance in pharmaceutical wastewater were summarized. Finally， the wastewater treatment technologies commonly used to remove antibiotics and ARGs in PWWTPs were summarized in order to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment and scientific control of antibiotics and ARGs in the environment.