Abstract
In recent years, frequent urban drinking water contamination accidents have caused significant impacts on society in China. However, emergency measures are primarily realized as management policies lack systematic technologies especially for those within-network contamination accidents. The aim of this paper is to perform analysis on cases of contaminant accidents that occurred in water distribution networks and to propose a framework of emergency response technologies. The causes, impacts, and characteristic trends of urban water supply contamination accidents are analysed according to the data of eighteen typical contamination cases that have been publicly reported in China since 2003. The results show that the main problems for rapid response to those accidents are: (1) limited monitoring means; (2) lag in response, especially the lag in providing an explanation to the public; and (3) lag in recovery from the accident. To solve those problems, a framework of technological strategy for rapid response to contamination accidents including monitoring, identifying, evaluation, isolation and flushing is then proposed. Since drinking water contamination accidents are not a unique problem that only happens in China, the response policy and related technologies proposed in this paper are also applicable to other countries and regions that face the same problems.
Highlights
Water distribution network contamination accidents are an important social development issue faced by China
According to the data released by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in midMarch 2014, China has 250 million residents living near factories with major sewage emissions and major roads and 280 million residents using unsafe drinking water
The main problems for rapid response to non-source contamination accidents are identified. To fight against those problems, we proposed a framework of technological strategies for quick response to a drinking water distribution network emergency, based on a comprehensive analysis of existing related technologies
Summary
Water distribution network contamination accidents are an important social development issue faced by China. The Chinese government issued a series of documents regarding emergency management policies and response procedures in 2005–2006, including the ‘Decision of the State Council on the implementation of the scientific concept of development to strengthen environmental protection’ and the ‘National Environmental Emergency Plan’. Since issuing these documents, the overall increasing trend of environmental accidents has been reduced, to a certain extent. The main problems for rapid response to non-source contamination accidents are identified To fight against those problems, we proposed a framework of technological strategies for quick response to a drinking water distribution network emergency, based on a comprehensive analysis of existing related technologies
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