Abstract
The concentration of dogs and cats in urban areas, associated with an ever-increasing wandering population of these animals, has an important epidemiological role in the soil contamination of public spaces and the spread of infections of several types of parasites. This study aimed to determine the frequency of soil-transmitted helminths with zoonotic potential in public squares and municipal primary schools in Fernandópolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil, conducted between 2007 and 2008. All the squares (32) and schools (13) in the town were evaluated. Soil samples were tested using the Rugai method modified by Willis, Caldwell and Caldwell. A total of 225 soil samples were evaluated and 30.2% (68) were positive for helminths. In samples from public squares, 40% (64) contamination was observed; however, contamination in schools was only 6.1% (6). The parasites eggs identified were Toxocara spp. 79.3% (47), Trichuris spp. 13.8% (8) and Ancylostomatidae 6.9% (4). Variables related to the site, such as the number of dogs (OR 21.18, 10.81 - 41.51), fecal samples (OR 6.87, 3.51 - 13.47) and the use of fences (OR 0.1, 0.05 - 0.20), had an impact on soil contamination. In the contaminated samples, parasites with zoonotic potential were identified, including the etiologic agents of diseases like cutaneous and visceral larva migrans, a fact that poses a risk to health of the population that frequent such environments.
Highlights
The concentration of dogs and cats in urban areas, associated with an everincreasing wandering population of these animals, has an important epidemiological role in the soil contamination of public spaces and the spread of infections of several types of parasites
Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis estudadas, bem como a diferença de frequência de contaminação do solo, foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e qui-quadrado de tendência linear quando possível
Um modelo múltiplo foi proposto para avaliar a influência da utilização de cerca no local de colheita da amostra em relação à observação de cães e contaminação do solo (Tabela 3)
Summary
A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Fernandópolis, que se localiza a noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, distando cerca de 560km da capital, 120km de São José do Rio Preto, 80km do limite do Estado de Minas Gerais e 85km do limite do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A avaliação do solo de parques de praças públicas e caixas de areias de escolas municipais infantis foram realizadas por meio de um estudo ocorrido entre março de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008. Foram avaliadas todas as praças da cidade [32] e escolas municipais infantis [13] que dispunham de parques recreativos. De cada localidade avaliaram-se cinco amostras, totalizando um montante de 225. As amostras aptas para a colheita foram aquelas compostas por areia ou terra, ficando excluídos os locais cobertos com pedras, pedriscos, grama ou outro tipo de vegetação
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