Contagion and health threats scrutiny of Cadmium and Phosphate ions concentration in water physiques in South-South, Rainforest belt of Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Non-nutritive metals and anions, for examples cadmium (Cd) and phosphate (p), persistence in the environment (land, discharge into both ground and surface water etcetera), besides intake of its accumulation whether consumption through food or water intake make Cd plus P, a public health issues. In this research, phosphorus and cadmium concentrations in water- physiques in ten sites at Ikpoba River Southern, Nigeria was ascertained in both arid and wet season by obvious spectrophotometric technique and modelled for contagion and health risks scrutiny. Result shown that Water quality index (WQI) and skewness for cadmium was 0 ± 1.559 in wet season and zero throughout dry season, but phosphate values ranges from 3.005 ± 14.72 and 304.89 ± 6.261 for dry and wet season respectively. Equating results with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, it discovered that cadmium was 90% above permissible during rainy season, but 100% within limit throughout arid season. Phosphate was high in nearly all the sites in wet season except site eleven. The water- physiques in all sites at Ikpoba River in both seasons revealed low disparities (<20%) with positive linear relationship (R 0 ≤ 089) for cadmium and (R 0.904 ≥ 0.319) for phosphate in dry and wet seasons respectively. Also, the nutrient contagion index displayed slightly to extremely contagion during rainy period and no to slightly contagion throughout dry period, whereas the water physiques will pose very high non-carcinogenic health risks and threats to users through the oral pathway.