CONTACTS OF ENEOLITHIC CULTURES AND THEIR LOCAL GROUPS ON THE TERRITORY OF SUB-CARPATHIAN, WESTERN PODILLIA AND VOLHYNIA

Abstract

According to data of analysis of materials from the settlement of Kozyna, process of Enolitization of Sub-Carpathian region began about 4500–4400 BC and it is associated with the arrival of bearers of Trypillia culture (Stage A) on these lands. Contacts with bearers of Malitska and Tiszapolgár cultures were confirmed. About 4400–4300 BC in Sub-Carpathians Trypillia culture with polychrome painting and in-depth ceramic ornament of Nezvysko II type (stage BI) existed. Trypillian population of this region had contacts with Tiszapolgár culture. At the period between 4200–4000 BC, this territory was densely populated by Trypillians of Zalischyky group (stage B1–BII). Its representatives contacted with Malitska and Liublin-Vohlynian cultures, as well as with Tiszapolgár culture. Approximately about 4000 BC in the area of modern Gorodenka district settlements from the phase I of Shypyntsi group of Nezvysko III type (stage BII) existed. They were not found in northern part of Sub-Carpathian region. Bearers of this group penetrated to the territory of Goryn’ (Bodaky), Podillia (Goloskiv) and further – to Middle Bug region (Voroshylivka). They had contacts with Liublin-Volhynian culture. Around 3900–3800 BC in southern part of Sub-Carpathian and Podillia regions settlements of Shypyntsi group of Tripillia culture (stage CI) existed. Representatives of this group had contacts with Bodrogkeresztúr culture. About 3800 BC expansion of Bădragii group of Trypillia culture began. Its “imports” were found in Bilche-Zolote–Verteba II and Bilyi Potik in Podillia. Around 3600 BC (beginning of CII stage), migration of Brînzeni group of Trypillia culture began. Under its influence Koshylivtsi one was formed. Bearers of Brînzeni traditions reached Volhynia. Close and distant contacts with the Funnelbeaker culture began. About 3300 BC (stage CII) bearers of Trypillia culture almost completely abandoned painted ceramic ware. It was replaced by corded and stamped ornament (Gordineşti-Kasperivtsi-Erbiceni group) and covering of the surface with red paint (Trojaniv group in Volhynia). Contacts with Funnelbeaker and Baden cultures are continued. Key words: Trypillia, Eneolithic, ceramics, “import”, ornamentation, contacts.