Abstract

Simple SummaryThe cornerstone in rectal cancer treatment is total mesorectal excision, a major surgical procedure associated with morbidity and mortality, especially in older rectal cancer patients. To avoid major surgery, different radiotherapy techniques are being investigated. Studies on contact X-ray brachytherapy reveal promising oncological results. However, there are limited data on functional outcome and quality of life, which are highly important for older or inoperable patients. This study aims to report the oncological and functional outcome, quality of life, and patients’ experiences of older or inoperable rectal cancer patients treated with contact X-ray brachytherapy to avoid major surgery. This study shows that contact X-ray brachytherapy can provide a good tumor response and is well tolerated, with minimal impact on functional outcome and quality of life. These data suggest contact X-ray brachytherapy can be considered an option for older or inoperable rectal cancer patients to avoid major rectal surgery.Total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer is a major operation associated with morbidity and mortality. For older or inoperable patients, alternatives are necessary. This prospective study evaluated the oncological and functional outcome and quality of life of older or inoperable rectal cancer patients treated with a contact X-ray brachytherapy boost to avoid major surgery. During follow-up, tumor response and toxicity on endoscopy were scored. Functional outcome and quality of life were assessed with self-administered questionnaires. Additionally, in-depth interviews regarding patients’ experiences were conducted. Nineteen patients were included with a median age of 80 years (range 72–91); nine patients achieved a clinical complete response and in another four local control of the tumor was established. The 12 month organ-preservation rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 88%, 78%, and 100%, respectively. A transient decrease in quality of life and bowel function was observed at 3 months, which was generally restored at 6 months. In-depth interviews revealed that patients’ experience was positive despite the side-effects shortly after treatment. In older or inoperable rectal cancer patients, contact X-ray brachytherapy can be considered an option to avoid total mesorectal excision. Contact X-ray brachytherapy is well-tolerated and can provide good tumor control.

Highlights

  • The mainstay in rectal cancer treatment is total mesorectal excision, in intermediate or locally advanced rectal cancer combined with neoadjuvantradiotherapy [1]

  • Fifteen patients (79%) were neoadjuvant treated with radiotherapy, four patients (21%) with local excision

  • After a median interval of 3 months following neoadjuvant therapy, patients were treated with contact X-ray brachytherapy

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Summary

Introduction

The mainstay in rectal cancer treatment is total mesorectal excision, in intermediate or locally advanced rectal cancer combined with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy [1]. This combined approach results in good oncological outcome, total mesorectal excision is associated with the risk of surgical morbidity and mortality [2]. Long-term bowel dysfunction is commonly observed after total mesorectal excision, especially when combined with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy, resulting in impaired quality of life of rectal cancer patients [3,4]. Thereby, bowel dysfunction associated with total mesorectal excision can be troublesome for older patients and may result in loss of independence, affecting the quality of life

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