Contact Theory, Intergroup

Abstract

AbstractIntergroup contact theory proposes that intergroup prejudice can be reduced when members of different groups interact with each other under optimal conditions. Allport (1954) developed what has become the most influential statement of intergroup contact theory, stating that prejudice will be reduced when the contact situation embodies four primary conditions: (1) equal status between groups; (2) common goals; (3) cooperation between groups; and (4) support of institutional authorities, law, or custom. Rather than being thought of as independent factors, these conditions are typically conceived of as interrelated factors that function jointly to reduce intergroup prejudice. For example, efforts to establish equal status between groups in the contact situation can be bolstered by institutional authorities who support norms of equality and offer guidance regarding how members of different groups should treat each other. Similarly, encouraging groups to cooperate should involve some degree of interdependence, such that members of these groups must work together, and rely on each other, in order to achieve their shared goals.