Abstract
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is used extensively to fabricate a wide range of monolithic and advanced materials over a short time and at low temperatures which show inherent advantages over conventional hot-pressed materials. However, the presence of uncontrolled microstructure inhomogeneities, especially in relatively large SPS samples, greatly limits the successful transfer of this technology to an industrial process. The intricate complexity of the involved SPS phenomena, the nebulous role of contacts and the tight physical coupling between the powder and the device are the main concerns. This work has three aims: a) to introduce the concept of contact multiphysics in SPS: b) to illustrate that the current issues can be framed within the unifying concept of contact multiphysics: c) to point out that an in-depth understanding of contact multiphysics will contribute significantly to the shedding of the light on SPS phenomena, in order to solve the current limitations of SPS technology and to enable the desired SPS fabrication of materials by design.
Highlights
Spark plasma sintering is an ECAS technology [1] in which an initial powder mixture, in the form of loose powder or green compact, undergoes interparticle bonding and subsequent densification upon application of a mechanical pressure and the simultaneous presence of electrical and thermal fields
Manière et al [10] reveal the thermal effects at contact interfaces by thermal imaging other than by thermocouples located at various points of the device chamber, and of the graphite tools whereas the probe point was located beneath the outer surface of the die
Contact Multiphysics has been proposed as more appropriate approach to control SPS phenomena at both a microscopic and a macroscopic scale as it captures the dominant role played by all varieties of contact interfaces in the SPS systems
Summary
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is used extensively to fabricate a wide range of monolithic and advanced materials over a short time and at low temperatures which show inherent advantages over conventional hot-pressed materials. The presence of uncontrolled microstructure inhomogeneities, especially in relatively large SPS samples, greatly limits the successful transfer of this technology to an industrial process. The intricate complexity of the involved SPS phenomena, the nebulous role of contacts and the tight physical coupling between the powder and the device are the main concerns. This work has three aims: a) to introduce the concept of contact multiphysics in SPS: b) to illustrate that the current issues can be framed within the unifying concept of contact multiphysics: c) to point out that an in-depth understanding of contact multiphysics will contribute significantly to the shedding of the light on SPS phenomena, in order to solve the current limitations of SPS technology and to enable the desired SPS fabrication of materials by design
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