Abstract
Haptic perception is bidirectionally related to exploratory movements, which means that exploration influences perception, but perception also influences exploration. We can optimize or change exploratory movements according to the perception and/or the task, consciously or unconsciously. This paper presents a psychophysical experiment on active roughness perception to investigate movement changes as the haptic task changes. Exerted normal force and scanning velocity are measured in different perceptual tasks (discrimination or identification) using rough and smooth stimuli. The results show that humans use a greater variation in contact force for the smooth stimuli than for the rough stimuli. Moreover, they use higher scanning velocities and shorter break times between stimuli in the discrimination task than in the identification task. Thus, in roughness perception humans spontaneously use different strategies that seem effective for the perceptual task and the stimuli. A control task, in which the participants just explore the stimuli without any perceptual objective, shows that humans use a smaller contact force and a lower scanning velocity for the rough stimuli than for the smooth stimuli. Possibly, these strategies are related to aversiveness while exploring stimuli.
Highlights
Haptic perception is bidirectionally related to exploratory movements
The 4 Wilcoxon signed rank tests on the coefficient of variance showed significant influences of stimulus type in both of the discrimination conditions (DR-DS, W(11) = 0, p = 0.0039) and the identification conditions (IR-IS, W(11) = 2, p = 0.012). These results show that the variance of the exerted force in the perceptual task is larger for the smooth stimuli than for the rough stimuli
There was no significant difference in the coefficient of variance in the control task found with the 4 Wilcoxon signed rank tests
Summary
Haptic perception is bidirectionally related to exploratory movements. The exploratory movements generate the stimulation from which perception is derived and perception influences the movements. We can optimize or change the exploratory movements according to the perception and/or the task, consciously or unconsciously. The bidirectional characteristics contribute to tactile exploration and to object handling. When humans lift and manipulate objects, they adjust their grip forces to prevent the object from slipping, while avoiding the use of excessive grip forces [1]. Slipping of the fingers over the object is an essential component of tactile exploration. The behavioral objectives are quite different between object handling and tactile exploration and the meaning of feedback of tactile signals is different. The bidirectionality of tactile exploration, especially roughness perception, will be discussed
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