Contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone/methylchloroisothiazolinone: A retrospective case series in a referral center in northern Taiwan

Abstract

Abstract Background/Objective Since 2005, there has been a significant increase in contact allergy to methylisothiazolinon (MI)/methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) incidences in European countries, but there has been no documented large-scale studies of such incidences in Taiwan. Methods From 1987 to 2015, a total of 2590 patients received patch testing in our Contact Dermatitis Clinic. Analyzed were patients with positive reactions to MI/MCI (Kathon CG) in patch testing and with suspected allergy to MI/MCI. Results Among the total 2590 patients, 2388 received patch testing during 1987–2005, while 202 received patch testing during 2006–2015. Because Kathon CG was not routinely patch tested for all patients from 1987 to 2005, the incidence of contact allergy to MI/MCI was thus corrected to 3/145 (2.1%) for this time period. After 2005, there were 11 patients (11/202, 5.4%) who showed positive reactions to MI/MCI. Amongst the 14 patients who showed positive reactions to MI/MCI, 12 of them were females (85.7%). The majority of the lesions was located on the hands (10 patients, 71.4%), along with the face (3 patients, 21.4%). Interestingly, 6 patients (42.9%) who showed positive reactions to MI/MCI were associated with contact allergy to essential oils, and five of them were aromatherapists. Conclusion According to our study, the incidence of MI/MCI contact allergy in a referral center in Taiwan was 5.4%. A trend of increasing incidence of contact allergy to MI/MCI was noted after 2005, which is consistent with the findings in Europe. Allergic contact dermatitis to MI/MCI should be suspected in patients who have eczema on the hands and face, especially those who are aromatherapists.