Consumption structure and atmospheric pollution in Spain: towards a higher sustainability

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyse the responsibility of Spanish demand composition (particularly private and public consumption) in the actual levels of atmospheric pollution in Spain. To that end, and on the basis of an input–output model, we set out to identify the environmental pollution generated both directly and indirectly by the economic sectors in order to obtain a determined final demand. We focus on three atmospheric pollutants, namely SOx, NOx and CO2. After identifying the key sectors in the generation of these types of pollution, we estimate the effect that a change in final consumption will have on the global level of pollution. As a consequence, we can evaluate the effectiveness of different demand policies when seeking to control this global pollution. These policies, directed mainly towards a change in private and public consumption, can hopefully contribute towards the objective of achieving sustainable development.