Consumption patterns of edible insects in rural and urban areas of Zimbabwe: taste, nutritional value and availability are key elements for keeping the insect eating habit

Faith A. Manditsera,Vincenzo Fogliano,Catriona M. M. Lakemond,Pieternel A. Luning,Cuthbert J. Zvidzai

doi:10.1007/s12571-018-0801-8

Faith A. Manditsera, Vincenzo Fogliano + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0801-8

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Abstract

Edible insect consumption is a traditional practice in many countries and has the potential to contribute to food security. The aim of this study is to obtain insight into insect consumption patterns amongst rural and urban populations, and into factors that may influence these patterns. For this purpose, a case study was made in Zimbabwe. A literature-based conceptual model indicated that motives for consumption, individual characteristics, consumer environment, availability, food characteristics, and indigenous knowledge could affect edible insect consumption. A survey amongst 200 urban and 175 rural respondents showed that insect consumption was significantly higher in rural (89.7%) than in urban (80.0%) areas. Rural respondents (63.9%) consumed insects more than three times a week on average as compared to urban (14.5%) respondents. Quantities consumed as snacks are significantly different between urban and rural respondents. Taste was the main motive of respondents in both the rural (89.2%) and urban areas (74.4%). Respondents in urban areas more often reported nutritional value (74.4%) and medicinal properties (28.1%) as important motives for consumption compared to rural respondents (51.0% and 15.3%, respectively). For rural areas, socio-demographics did not relate to consumption of edible insects whereas in urban areas, insect consumption was negatively related to education, main livelihood source and monthly income. Availability of edible insects influences both urban (64.0%) and rural (83.0%) respondents’ consumption of insects. The lower consumption of specific insect species in urban areas could hamper the potential contribution of insects to food security in these areas. Therefore, promotion of entomophagy by marketing and maintaining traditional knowledge on insect processing should target urban people through provision of tasty products, communicating nutritional value.

Highlights

Consumption of edible insects is a traditional practice in many African (Van Huis 2003), Asian (Yen 2015) and Latin American (Costa-Neto 2016) communities
The consumption habit was high among urban respondents (80.0%) (χ2 = 6.736, df = 1, p = 0.009) (Table 1). This suggests that most respondents consumed at least one edible insect species, but not necessarily
The results are in line with previous research, which observed that entomophagy is a common practice in Zimbabwe (DeFoliart 1997; Dube et al 2013; Musundire et al 2016)

Summary

Introduction

Consumption of edible insects is a traditional practice in many African (Van Huis 2003), Asian (Yen 2015) and Latin American (Costa-Neto 2016) communities. A decrease in prevalence of traditional practices of entomophagy has been reported in communities in developing countries where insect consumption used to be common (Dube et al 2013; Meyer-Rochow and Chakravorty 2013; Obopile and Seeletso 2013; Riggi et al 2016; Yen. 2009). Other reported reasons include unavailability of the edible insects (Looy et al 2014), uncontrolled harvesting (Ramos-Elorduy 2006), and loss of habitats leading to extinction of some species (Dube et al 2013; MeyerRochow and Chakravorty 2013)

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