Consumption of vegetable oils with different unsaturated fatty acid profiles increases cholesterol efflux from THP‐1 macrophages (269.4)

Abstract

Cholesterol efflux (CEx) from peripheral tissues is thought to be cardioprotective. Vegetable oils with different unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) profiles and low in saturated fatty acids (SFA) (<10g /100g) may enhance CEx from lipid laden macrophages. The Canola Oil Multicentre Intervention Trial was a double‐blind, randomized, 5‐period crossover, controlled feeding (weight maintenance) study designed to evaluate the efficacy of five vegetable oil treatments on CEx in individuals at risk for Mets with central obesity. These treatment oils were canola oil (62.8% MUFA, 29.3% PUFA: 19.5% LA, 10% ALA), high oleic canola oil (72% MUFA, 17% PUFA: 15% LA, 2% ALA), high oleic canola oil with DHA (63.8% MUFA, 13% LA, 6% DHA), corn/safflower oil (69.3% LA, 17.6% MUFA), and flax/safflower oil (69.4% PUFA: 37.5% LA, 32% ALA, 17.9% MUFA). Subjects (n=100: 51 women, 49 men) were fed isocaloric, heart healthy diet (50% CHO, 15% PRO, 35% FAT, SFA < 7%) containing one of the five treatment oils incorporated in a smoothie for 4 weeks followed by a 2‐4 week break between diets. CEx was measured via a high‐throughput assay using THP‐1 macrophages incubated with human sera from baseline or post diet treatment. At the end of each treatment, canola oil, high oleic canola oil with DHA, corn/safflower oil and flax/safflower oil increased CEx by 28.5%, 31.6%, 20.7%, 20.1% respectively, compared to baseline values (p<0.05). The increase in CEx following high oleic canola oil consumption was 8% (NS). Predictors of CEx capacity in subjects at risk for MetS with central obesity include gender, weight status and baseline CEx. In summary, vegetable oils high in UFA and low in SFA increase CEx from macrophages.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: Canola Council of Canada