Abstract
Drugs have been detected in different water bodies including seas, rivers, lakes and groundwater. Some research has also begun to prove the presence of these active substances in tap water. Until now, clear legislation has not been established that regulates the quality of water supplied to food-producing animals. The European Regulation 183/2005 only mentions that the “water for drinking shall be of appropriate quality for the animals being produced”. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the possible intake of 19 pharmaceuticals I from trough water for 122 samples obtained from 118 dairy farms located in northwest Spain. At least one drug was detected in 50 water samples; antimicrobial compounds were the most frequently detected, in particular trimethoprim. Estimation of the maximum amount of drugs ingested by dairy cows through one day’s supply of water; sulfamethazine was the pharmaceutical consumed in highest amount (614 μg day−1). The concentration measured in the watering trough may be too low to cause a direct effect on the dairy cows. However, they might have an effect on the cows’ microbiota and/or development and the dissemination of resistant bacteria.
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