Abstract
Green tea and protein separately are able to increase diet-induced thermogenesis. Although their effects on long-term weight-maintenance were present separately, they were not additive. Therefore, the effect of milk-protein (MP) in combination with green tea on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was examined in 18 subjects (aged 18–60 years; BMI: 23.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2). They participated in an experiment with a randomized, 6 arms, crossover design, where energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured. Green tea (GT)vs. placebo (PL) capsules were either given in combination with water or with breakfasts containing milk protein in two different dosages: 15 g (15 MP) (energy% P/C/F: 15/47/38; 1.7 MJ/500 mL), and 3.5 g (3.5 MP) (energy% P/C/F: 41/59/0; 146.4 kJ/100 mL). After measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) for 30 min, diet-induced energy expenditure was measured for another 3.5 h after the intervention. There was an overall significant difference observed between conditions (p < 0.001). Post-hoc, areas under the curve (AUCs) for diet-induced energy expenditure were significantly different (P ≤ 0.001) for GT + water (41.11 [91.72] kJ・3.5 h) vs. PL + water (10.86 [28.13] kJ・3.5 h), GT + 3.5 MP (10.14 [54.59] kJ・3.5 h) and PL + 3.5 MP (12.03 [34.09] kJ・3.5 h), but not between GT + 3.5 MP, PL + 3.5 MP and PL + water, indicating that MP inhibited DIT following GT. DIT after GT + 15 MP (167.69 [141.56] kJ・3.5 h) and PL + 15 MP (168.99 [186.56] kJ・3.5 h) was significantly increased vs. PL + water (P < 0.001), but these were not different from each other indicating that 15 g MP stimulated DIT, but inhibited the GT effect on DIT. No significant differences in RQ were seen between conditions for baseline and post-treatment. In conclusion, consumption of milk-protein inhibits the effect of green tea on DIT.
Highlights
The growing prevalence of obesity worldwide is becoming one of the main factors contributing to increased mortality
Areas under the curve for energy expenditure were significantly different for Green tea (GT) + 15 MP
After examining the effect of a combination of green tea with different amounts of dietary protein, the results show that no additional effect occurs when green tea and milk protein are simultaneously administered
Summary
The growing prevalence of obesity worldwide is becoming one of the main factors contributing to increased mortality. As people consume more energy than they can expend, weight gain is the consequence [1]. Natural and healthy ingredients, such as green tea and proteins, can prevent weight gain or even induce weight loss when consumed in adequate amounts. Green tea has been shown to increase 24 h and long-term energy expenditure and fat oxidation and has a positive effect on body-weight regulation [2,3,4,5]. We showed that when given together, green tea and protein have no synergistic effect. One possible explanation for the observed lack of synergistic effect is due to the formation of complexes between proteins and the polyphenols in tea, which was first reported in 1963 by Brown and Wright [7]
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