Abstract
ObjectivesData on the consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries over two decades. This article reviews temporal trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and changes in composition of the main subgroups of MLS.MethodsFor the period 1997–2017, data on consumption of MLS, i.e. ATC group J01F, in the community and aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology (ATC/DDD index 2019). Consumption was expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and in packages per 1000 inhabitants per day. Consumption of MLS was analysed and presented as trends, seasonal variation, presence of change-points and compositional changes, using a classification based on mean plasma elimination half-life for macrolides.ResultsIn 2017, consumption of MLS in the community expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day varied by a factor of 13 between countries with the highest (Greece) and the lowest (Sweden) consumption. Consumption of MLS did not change significantly up to 2003, after which it significantly increased up to 2007. No significant change was observed after 2007. Consumption of MLS showed high seasonal variation. The proportional consumption of long-acting macrolides significantly increased over time compared with that of intermediate-acting macrolides, and proportional consumption of the latter increased compared with that of short-acting macrolides.ConclusionsConsumption of MLS did not change significantly over time during 2007–2017, while the proportional consumption of long-acting macrolides increased. Seasonal variation remained high, which suggests that MLS are still prescribed inappropriately in many countries.
Highlights
This article presents data from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net,[1] formerly ESAC) on community consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) for 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries in 2017 (Table 1).It updates previous ESAC studies published in 2006 and 2011, and in doing so it provides updated comparable and reliable information on antibiotic consumption that can aid in fighting the global problem of antimicrobial resistance.[2,3] In 2017, consumption of MLS represented 16.1% of antibiotic consumption in the community.[4]
While lincosamide (J01FF; mainly clindamycin) consumption was reported in all countries, streptogramin (J01FG, pristinamycin) consumption in the community was only reported in France (Table S1)
This study describes consumption of MLS in the community in the EU/EEA and found that the observed increasing trend of consumption of MLS up to 2009 in many countries continued afterwards
Summary
This article presents data from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net,[1] formerly ESAC) on community (i.e. primary care sector) consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) for 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries in 2017 (Table 1).It updates previous ESAC studies published in 2006 and 2011, and in doing so it provides updated comparable and reliable information on antibiotic consumption that can aid in fighting the global problem of antimicrobial resistance.[2,3] In 2017, consumption of MLS represented 16.1% of antibiotic consumption in the community.[4]. This article presents data from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net,[1] formerly ESAC) on community (i.e. primary care sector) consumption of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) for 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries in 2017 (Table 1).
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