Consumption of Hydrogen Water Reduces Paraquat-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Shulin Liu,Hengyi Tao,Petar Denoble,Wenwu Liu,Qiang Sun,Kan Liu,Weigang Xu,Xuejun Sun

doi:10.1155/2011/305086

Shulin Liu, Hengyi Tao + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/305086

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Abstract

Exposure to paraquat leads to acute lung injury and oxidative stress is widely accepted as a contributor to paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Recent studies have reported that consumption of water with dissolved molecular hydrogen to a saturated level (hydrogen water) prevents oxidative stress-induced diseases. Here, we investigated whether consumption of saturated hydrogen saline protects rats against paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group; hydrogen water-only group (HW group); paraquat-only group (PQ group); paraquat and hydrogen water group (PQ + HW group). The rats in control group and HW group drank pure water or hydrogen water; the rats in PQ group and PQ + HW group were intraperitonealy injected with paraquat (35 mg/kg) and then provided pure water or hydrogen water. Both biochemical and histological lung alterations were measured. The results showed that hydrogen water ameliorated these alterations, demonstrating that hydrogen water alleviated paraquat-induced acute lung injury possibly by inhibition of oxidative damage.

Highlights

Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridilium dichloride, PQ) is a widely used contact and nonselective quaternary nitrogen herbicide
Considering that oxidative stress, especially hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, contributes to paraquat-induced lung injury, we investigated the effect of oral administration of hydrogen on paraquatinduced inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and related damage of lungs, assessed by histological and biochemical parameters
The rats in PQ group and PQ + HW group were intraperitonealy injected with paraquat (35 mg/kg) and administered pure water or hydrogen water ad libitum for 72 h, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridilium dichloride, PQ) is a widely used contact and nonselective quaternary nitrogen herbicide It was first introduced in agriculture in 1962 and has caused thousands of human deaths, either by accidental or voluntary ingestion. Paraquat-induced redox cycling can generate superoxide anions, NO and other free radicals, leading to oxidative damage [2, 6, 7]. Of all these free radicals, hydroxyl radicals and oxidant peroxynitrite might be the most toxic ones, as they react with biological macromolecules including DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to DNA breakage, lipid peroxidation and protein inactivation. Hydroxyl radical is produced by superoxide anion and H2O2, respectively, through the HaberWeiss reaction and Fenton reaction [8, 9], while peroxynitrite is possibly induced by NO’s rapid reaction with superoxide anion [10, 11]

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