Abstract
BACKGROUNDRelationships between consumption of dairy products and death from various types of cancer are largely unknown.METHODSBetween April 1992 and July 1995, a baseline survey was conducted for 11,349 residents in 12 communities in Japan, which included collection of demographic data and a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire inquiring about three dairy products: milk, butter and yogurt. The subjects were followed prospectively until 2002. Causes of death were identified using death certificates. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each dairy product were calculated using Cox s proportional hazard models.RESULTSAmong eight common cancers, only deaths from hematopoietic neoplasm (n=14) were significantly associated with consumption of butter (HR=5.11, 95% Cl: 1.40-18.62), though they exhibited a nearly-significant association with milk consumption (HR=3.17, 95% Cl: 0.99-10.17), independent of age and sex. Consumption of milk and butter was significantly associated with non-lymphoma deaths (n=9) when adjusted for age and sex (HR=9.86, 95% Cl: 1.23-79.19 for milk: and HR=10.04, 95% Cl 2.39-42.18 for butter).CONCLUSIONThe frequencies of butter consumption, and probably that of milk, were correlated with death from hematopoietic neoplasm, particularly from non-lymphomas.
Highlights
Relationships between consumption of dairy products and death from various types of cancer are largely unknown
Consumption of milk and butter was significantly associated with non-lymphoma deaths (n=9) when adjusted for age and sex (HR=9.86, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.23-79.19 for milk; and Hazard ratios (HRs)=10.04, 95% CI: 2.39-42.18 for butter)
There are too few epidemiologic studies that have investigated the relationship between milk consumption and blood tumors,[12,13,14] even though a possible relationship between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and leukemia increasingly has been documented, at both the molecular and cellular level.[15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]
Summary
The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study began in 1992. Its primary objective was to clarify the relationship between potential risk factors -- like life-style, socio-economic variables, serum lipids and other risk factors -- and certain health outcomes like stroke, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 12 rural districts in. Japan: Iwaizumi, Yamato, Takasu, Sakugi, Ainoshima, Akaike, Okawa, Hokudan, Kuze, Wara, Sakuma, and Tako.[23] The baseline data of this cohort study were obtained between April 1992 and. The food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed for assessing the consumption of 30 food items including three dairy products: milk, butter, and yogurt. FFQ as ours (but included more food items than ours) reported that the correlation coefficients between FFQ estimates and estimates of actual consumption derived from 12-day diet records were 0.65 for milk, 0.58 for yogurt, 0.51 for butter, all of which were in the highest ten out of the 39 food items of the study.[25] This means that the FFQ has a relatively high vilidity for consumption of the dairy products versus other food items, when examined in the Japanese population. Consumption of each dairy product was recoded as a binary variable, divided into 'everyday (5)' and 'not everyday (1-4)' categories
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