Abstract
Objective: To review the deleterious biochemical mechanisms related to changes of oxidative stress and inflammation, provoked by excessive consumption and accumulation of lipids in different tissues, in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Data source: This review article was based on papers selected for their relevance from databases such as Science Direct, PubMed and SciELO, published between 1995 and 2014. The search included the following keywords: High-fat diet, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation. Data synthesis: Evidence suggests that the deleterious effects of lipotoxicity are related to ectopic deposition, activation of lipolysis, formation of lipid metabolites, generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, as well as to stimulation of inflammatory cascades. In this context, the simultaneous activation of these biochemical mechanisms interferes with intracellular signaling cascades, disrupting homeostasis, leading to systemic cellular damage or even lipoapoptosis. Conclusions: The identification of the biochemical cellular pathways involved in the process provides an understanding of the molecular mechanisms and, especially, may identify potential therapeutic targets
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