Abstract
Objective: To determine the nutritional status and the factors associated with dietary intake of fruits, green vegetables and legumes by pregnant adolescents attending a public service of reference for prenatal care. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, with 73 pregnant adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, attended to at the Service Center for Adolescents (NASA) of the Mother and Child Hospital, in Sao Luis, Maranhao. The study used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, pregravid and gestational body mass index), and a socioeconomic questionnaire. The dependent variable was the consumption of fruits, green vegetables and legumes, and the independent variables were level of education, civil status, race, income, demographic status, pregnancy and anthropometric data. Results: It was observed that 39.7% had pregravid BMI of malnutrition, 50.7% were eutrophic, and less than 10% were overweight or obese. For the gestational BMI, the values changed, with 27.4% of undernourished pregnant women, 57.5% eutrophic and 15.1% overweight. The highest percentages of adequacy for consumption of fruits, green vegetables and legumes were observed in adolescents who were married or in a stable union (65.4%), did not work (92.3%), and had family income below one minimum wage (84.62%). However, the only positive association found with the consumption of fruits, green vegetables and legumes was the beginning of prenatal care. Conclusion: Themajor part of the evaluated pregnant adolescents was eutrophic, although about one fourth presented low weight during pregnancy. Moreover, they did not consume a balanced diet, with an intake of fruits, green vegetables and legumes below the recommended. Among the factors related to better consumption of these foods, the beginning of prenatal follow-up in the first trimester stands out.
Highlights
Relacionando o consumo alimentar de frutas, verduras e legumes das adolescentes gestantes com as características socioeconômicas encontradas (Tabela III), observou-se que os maiores percentuais de adequação foram em adolescentes com estado civil casada, união estável 65,4% (n=17), que não trabalhavam 92,3% (n=24) e com renda familiar de menos de 1 salário mínimo 84,62% (n=22)
Um estudo que avaliou o consumo alimentar de gestantes adolescentes na cidade de Fortaleza também encontrou uma maior concentração (51,5%) de renda total das famílias na faixa de um a três salários mínimos
Entre os fatores relacionados a um melhor consumo de FVL destaca-se o início do acompanhamento pré-natal no primeiro trimestre
Summary
Objetivo: Determinar o estado nutricional e os fatores associados ao consumo alimentar de frutas, verduras e legumes por gestantes adolescentes atendidas em um serviço público de referência para assistência pré-natal. Para o IMC gestacional, os valores se alteraram, com 27,4% das gestantes desnutridas, 57,5% eutróficas e 15,1% com sobrepeso. Observou-se que os maiores percentuais de adequação para o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foram em adolescentes casadas ou em união estável (65,4%), que não trabalhavam (92,3%) e com renda familiar menor que 1 salário mínimo (84,62%). Entretanto, a única associação positiva encontrada com o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foi o início do pré-natal. Entre os fatores relacionados a um melhor consumo de FVL destaca-se o início do acompanhamento pré-natal no primeiro trimestre.
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