Abstract
to determine caffeine consumption in pregnant women and to evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, lifestyle and maternal nutritional status. it is a cross-sectional study performed between 2005 and 2007. The present analysis refers to the period among the 8th and 13th gestational week and included 255 pregnant women from 18 to 40 years, clients of a municipal health center in Rio de Janeiro. The outcome variable was caffeine consumption, quantified by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which count with a list containing 81 items and eight options of consumption frequencies; besides it being previously validated in a sample of employees of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. The caffeine intake was quantified starting from the consumption of: powdered chocolate, chocolate bar or chocolate, soft drink, coffee and mate tea. The statistical analysis was performed by means of fitting a multivariate linear regression. the median and the mean caffeine consumption were, respectively, 97.5 and 121.1 mg (standard deviation, sd = 128.4). The high caffeine consumption (> 300 mg/day) was observed in 8.3% of pregnant women. It was observed in the multivariate model that women with earlier menarche (beta = -0.15), with more household partners (b = 0.17) and who didn't make use of medicines (beta = -0.24) presented larger tendency to high caffeine consumption association that was statistically significant (p <0.05). the caffeine consumption for most of the pregnant women was inferior to the limit of 300 mg/day as committed in other studies. Tendency was observed toward higher consumption of caffeine in pregnant women with earlier menarche, with more household partners and who didn't make use of medicines.
Highlights
Purpose: to determine caffeine consumption in pregnant women and to evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, lifestyle and maternal nutritional status
Apesar deste possível comportamento de aversão à cafeína ou redução do consumo, alguns estudos têm demonstrado a associação entre a ingestão de produtos cafeinados e efeitos não desejáveis para o feto, tais como baixo peso ao nascer, aborto espontâneo, retardo de crescimento uterino e aumento do risco de ruptura precoce das membranas[5,6], acarretando aumento das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade perinatal e neonatal[7]
Atualmente, as evidências disponíveis sugerem ser prudente que mulheres grávidas limitem o consumo de cafeína a 300 mg/dia, para reduzir a probabilidade de aborto espontâneo ou crescimento fetal prejudicado[11]
Summary
Objetivo: avaliar o consumo de cafeína em gestantes e sua associação com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, reprodutivas e comportamentais e com o estado nutricional materno. A variável “desfecho” foi o consumo de cafeína quantificado por meio de questionário de freqüência alimentar semiquantitativo, previamente validado, o qual continha uma lista de alimentos com 81 itens e oito opções de freqüência de consumo. Já o consumo elevado da substância (>300 mg/dia) foi observado em 8,3% das gestantes. Observou-se que mulheres cuja menarca ocorreu mais cedo (β=-0,15), com maior número de pessoas vivendo na casa (β=0,17) e que não faziam uso de medicamentos (β=-0,24) apresentaram maior tendência ao consumo elevado de cafeína e esta foi estatisticamente significativa (p
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