Abstract
BackgroundEvidence showed that the occurrence of iodine deficiency endemic areas has been found in every provinces of Thailand. Thus, a new pilot programme for elimination of iodine deficiency endemic areas at the community level was designed in 2008 by integrating the concept of Sufficient Economic life style with the iodine biofortification of nutrients for community consumption.MethodsA model of community hen egg farm was selected at an iodine deficiency endemic area in North Eastern part of Thailand. The process for the preparation of high content iodine enriched hen food was demonstrated to the farm owner with technical transfer in order to ensure the sustainability in the long term for the community. The iodine content of the produced iodine enriched hen eggs were determined and the iodine status of volunteers who consumed the iodine enriched hen eggs were monitored by using urine iodine excretion before and after the implement of iodine enrichment in the model farm.ResultsThe content of iodine in eggs from the model farm were 93.57 μg per egg for the weight of 55 - 60 g egg and 97.76 μg for the weight of 60 - 65 g egg. The biological active iodo-organic compounds in eggs were tested by determination of the base-line urine iodine of the volunteer villagers before and after consuming a hard boiled iodine enriched egg per volunteer at breakfast for five days continuous period in 59 volunteers of Ban Kew village, and 65 volunteers of Ban Nong Nok Kean village. The median base-line urine iodine level of the volunteers in these two villages before consuming eggs were 7.00 and 7.04 μg/dL respectively. After consuming iodine enriched eggs, the median urine iodine were raised to the optimal level at 20.76 μg/dL for Ban Kew and 13.95 μg/dL for Ban Nong Nok Kean.ConclusionsThe strategic programme for iodine enrichment in the food chain with biological iodo-organic compound from animal origins can be an alternative method to fortify iodine in the diet for Iodine Deficiency Endemic Areas at the community level in Thailand.
Highlights
Evidence showed that the occurrence of iodine deficiency endemic areas has been found in every provinces of Thailand
Later in 1994, World Health Organization (WHO) produced a document in collaboration with United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) for the guidance concerning the Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) surveillance indicators and salt iodization has been selected as a strategy to control and elimination of IDD [3]
Since Thailand has emphasized various kind of strategic planning for elimination of IDD endemic areas such as iodization of drinking water for villagers, administration of iodine capsules every 6-10 months for population in remote areas where transportation was the main problem for the enrichment of iodine in communities, iodization of edible salt at 30 ppm for daily use in household etc
Summary
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) had been widely recognized as one of the important public health problems especially in developing countries throughout the world [1]. The TSH index for monitoring IDD by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD guideline, showed that during the years 2003 - 2006 the number of neonates having TSH >5 mU/L were 13.54%, 15.28%, 21.55%, 19.56% respectively [5].
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