Abstract
This paper explores the aggregation of electricity consumers flexibility. A novel coalitional game theory model for partition function games with non-transferable utility is proposed. This model is used to formalize a game in which electricity consumers find coalitions among themselves in order to trade their consumption flexibility in the electricity market. Utility functions are defined to enable measuring the players preferences. Two case studies are presented, including a simple illustrative case, which assesses and explains the model in detail; and a large-scale scenario based on real data, comprising more than 20,000 consumers. Results show that the proposed model is able to reach solutions that are more suitable for the consumers when compared to the solutions achieved by traditional aggregation techniques in power and energy systems, such as clustering-based methodologies. The solutions found by the proposed model consider the perspectives from all players involved in the game and thus are able to reflect the rational behaviour of the involved players, rather than imposing an aggregation solution that is only beneficial from the perspective of the aggregator.
Highlights
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources is leading to major changes in power and energy systems all around the world [1]
The proposed model is formalized as a partition function game with non-transferable utility
The transaction of consumption flexibility is facilitated by aggregators, which combine the flexibility from multiple consumers and trade it in the energy market
Summary
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources is leading to major changes in power and energy systems all around the world [1]. The importance of consumers is increasing in this context, as they provide the potential to balance the variation of renewable-based generation through consumption, or demand-side flexibility, e.g. the proposal for a regulation on EU internal electricity market places consumers in a central role in future energy systems, encouraging and enabling them to take part in the energy transition and electricity market transactions [2]. Definition 1 Demand-side flexibility is the flexibility at the customer side, this includes both flexible load, generation and storage. ‘‘behind- the connection’’, meaning that the measurements on connection level typically include other (flexible or non-flexible) load or generation.
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