CONSTRUCTIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN BLOCK GREENHOUSES

Abstract

Problem statement. The beginning of the production of vegetables in protected soil on an industrial basis in Ukraine was marked by the construction in the 80s of the last century of greenhouses from the structures of the Antratsyt Luhansk region prefabricated greenhouse plant. A new impetus to the development of greenhouse vegetable growing was provided by the commissioning of energy-saving modern winter greenhouses built in the period from 2005 to 2015. Greenhouse vegetable growing is not standing still, but is actively expanding around the world. Further development of this area is possible with the introduction of new technologies for construction and operation of greenhouses, as well as their design solutions. The development of greenhouse vegetable growing is an important economic task. The design and technological features of modern greenhouses of the fifth generation of the semi-closed type are shown, which allow to provide high yields at lower consumption of material resources. A study of the complexity of the construction of greenhouses, identified low-mechanized, manual processes. The purpose of the article is to show ways to improve the design and technological parameters of modern greenhouses. In order to ensure energy savings and increase yields. Results. The analysis of normative documents on design and construction of greenhouses is performed. It is shown that greenhouses, the so-called "semi-closed type", allow to obtain high vegetable yields and energy savings. The most mechanized processes for the construction of greenhouses are earthworks and foundations. Much of the manual labor takes place during the installation of the metal frame, glazing and heating systems. Scientific novelty and practical significance. For the first time the value of labor intensity and duration during the construction of greenhouses was obtained, their dependences on the main factors influencing the performance of construction and installation works were established. This allows at the stage of development of design and technological documentation to determine rational ways of performing work.