Construction of PPS based carbon fiber photothermal foam for crude oil absorption and seawater desalination

Abstract

Efficient and clean solar energy conversion through photothermal materials has garnered significant attention, finding applications across energy, environmental protection, and healthcare sectors. This project focused on developing waste PPS-based carbon fiber (PCF) foam, emphasizing the high-value utilization of waste fibers in solar photothermal oil-absorption and photothermal evaporation applications. With exceptional light-absorption capabilities exceeding 97 %, the PCF@PDMS foam demonstrated superior photothermal conversion efficiency alongside impressive mechanical properties, facilitating effective absorption of highly viscous crude oil. Through PVA/CNF hydrophilic modification, internal water supply channels were integrated into the mPCF@PDMS foam, optimizing the evaporation surface area by retaining hydrophobic regions. This design not only enhanced thermal insulation but also significantly increased the evaporation rate to 2.00 kg·m−2·h−1 with an efficiency of 89.89 % under 1.0 sun irradiation. The presence of hydrophobic regions endowed the evaporator with self-floating ability, enhancing its practicality. During simulations of seawater desalination, the prepared evaporator exhibited remarkable salt crystallization resistance attributed to the strong water supply capacity and Marangoni effect induced during saltwater evaporation, facilitating salt diffusion and water evaporation. Overall, the foams developed in this project hold substantial application potential in the realm of photothermal technology.