Abstract
Manganese oxides are metastable phases due to oxygen loss at high temperature. Conventional ceramic routes need high temperature and thus are unsuitable for making MnOx foams. A mild templating route at 300–400 °C was developed to construct metastable MnOx foams. Interwoven OMS-2 (cryptomelane) nanofibers with a length-diameter ratio of ca. 3000 over a template may create an OMS-2 foam at 400 °C with an atmosphere of 21% O2 content, a MnO/C foam at 400 °C with an atmosphere of 0% O2 content, OMS-2/Mn3O4 foams at 400 °C with an atmosphere of 1–5% O2 content, or Mn3O4/MnO2 foams at 300–350 °C in an atmosphere of 1% O2 content. Three foam materials are materials with ductility while others belong to brittle materials.
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