Abstract
Plant growth habit is an important and complex agronomic trait and is associated with yield, disease resistance, and mechanized harvesting in peanuts. There are at least two distinct growth habits (erect and prostrate) and several intermediate forms existing in the peanut germplasm. A recombinant inbred line population containing 188 individuals was developed from a cross of “Jihua 5” and “M130” for genetically dissecting the architecture of the growth habit. A new high-density genetic linkage map was constructed by using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing technology. The map contains 2,808 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed on 20 linkage groups with a total length of 1,308.20 cM and an average inter-marker distance of 0.47 cM. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the growth habit-related traits was conducted based on phenotyping data from seven environments. A total of 39 QTLs for growth habit-related traits was detected on 10 chromosomes explaining 4.55–27.74% of the phenotypic variance, in which 6 QTLs were for lateral branch angle, 8 QTLs were for extent radius, 7 QTLs were for the index of plant type, 11 QTLs were for main stem height, and 7 QTLs were for lateral branch length. Among these QTLs, 12 were co-localized on chromosome B05 spanning an approximately 0.17 Mb physical interval in comparison with the allotetraploid reference genome of “Tifrunner.” Analysis of the co-localized genome region has shown that the putative genes are involved in light and hormones and will facilitate peanut growth habit molecular breeding and study of peanut domestication.
Highlights
Peanut, or groundnut, is one of the most important oilseed crops and plays an important role in satisfying the demands for oil and protein throughout the world
Large variations and transgressive segregations were observed in recombinant inbred line (RIL) in the seven environments for all traits except index of plant type (IOPT) in 16BD, 18BD, and 18TS (Table 1)
A high-density genetic map of cultivated peanuts was constructed using SLAF-seq techniques. It consists of 2,808 markers on the 20 LGs with a total length of 1,308.20 cM and an average inter-marker distance of 0.47 cM
Summary
Groundnut, is one of the most important oilseed crops and plays an important role in satisfying the demands for oil and protein throughout the world. Donald (1968) coined the term “ideotype” which is described as optimum plant architecture He defined the ideotype as plants that have comprehensive agronomic traits known to influence photosynthesis, growth habit, and grain yield (in cereals). Peanuts bloom above ground and develop fruitage underground, so the growth pattern of lateral branches is an important characterization of peanut growth habit. Does it affect the peg penetration into the soil to form pods smoothly, and closely relate to planting density. The angle between the erect main stem and the first lateral branch is becoming an important indicator of descriptive characteristics of plant architecture in peanut. MSH and the first LBL of peanut are important agronomic traits affecting growth habit and the number of the pods (Lan et al, 2011; Li Y. et al, 2017)
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