Abstract
The adenine nucleotide (AMP-Na2) was modified to introduce unsaturated double bonds for photografting onto cotton fabrics together with l-Cysteine (l-Cys) monomer to prepare synergistic bio-based flame retardant cotton fabrics. The chemical structure of AMP-Na2/ l-Cys monomers, surface morphology, residual carbon morphology, thermal properties and flame retardant properties of photografted flame retardant cotton fabrics were analyzed. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra verified the AMP-Na2 and l-Cys monomers with unsaturated double bonds. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the carbon residue of photografted fiber maintained a natural curled and fiber shape. TGA showed that the major pyrolysis temperature of cotton fabric declined by 51 °C and the weight loss reduced by 20.5%, proving good charring effect of flame retardant layer via photografting of AMP-Na2/l-Cys monomers. The afterflame and afterflow time of photografted cotton fabric were nearly decreased to 0 s. The LOI value of photografted cotton fabric was 27.34% and decreased by 7.9% after 20 washing times. The peak heat release rate and total heat release decreased from 198.05 kW/m2 and 9.94 MJ/m2 to 34.49 kW/m2 and 4.47 MJ/m2, respectively. The experimental results indicated that durable flame retardancy of cotton fabrics was achieved via facile photografting of AMP-Na2/l-Cys monomers.
Highlights
Cotton fiber has plenty high properties and advantages, like moisture absorption, dyeability, softness, and a wide range of sources[1,2,3]
TGA showed the major pyrolysis temperature of photografted cotton fabric declined by 42°C, with the weight loss reduced by 21.6%, proving that good charring effect
The characteristic absorption peaks of C = C appears at 1511 cm-1; Out-of-plane deformation vibration peak at 955 cm-1 corresponds to CH2 in CH2 = CH-.The appearance of three new characteristic peaks indicates that C = C and CH2 have been found on the AMP-Na2 monomer due to the substitution reaction of AMP-Na2 with Allyl bromide (AB)
Summary
Cotton fiber has plenty high properties and advantages, like moisture absorption, dyeability, softness, and a wide range of sources[1,2,3]. Flame retardant properties of cotton fabrics is improved well, most of the salts formed are small molecules. This results in poor thermal stability, low carbon formation rate, and some limitations in application[12]. In 2013, Alongi et al used DNA as a novel flame retardant system for enhancing flame retardant properties of cotton fabrics. Carosio et al employed DNA and chitosan solution, and made the flame retardant cotton fabric by Layer by Layer assembly, giving it remarkable flame retardant. Nucleotide, as the structural unit of DNA or RNA, is a kind of small molecule expansive flame retardant with three sources, which can further reduce the cost of raw materials. The chemical structure of biological flame retardant monomers and the surface morphology, carbon residue morphology, thermal and flame retardant properties of photografted flame retardant cotton fabric were analyzed
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