Construction of Anti-corruption Institutions and Culture in Traditional China and Its Implications for Modern China

Abstract

传统上, 中国就极为关注反腐败的制度设计和文化构建。在反腐败的制度设计上 建立了比较严密的反腐败罪名体系, 动态的预防、监督和惩戒体系, 以及独具特色 的监察体系和增薪养廉的配套体系。在文化构建上, 宣扬“民本主义”思想, 使之成 为从权力源头遏制腐败的非制度性力量; 推动“清廉”从政治道德向日常道德转变, 使之成为传统中国反腐败的核心; 重视行政的道德化, 使之与传统社会教育和家庭教 育的目标一致; 重视清官文化和职业氛围的培育, 将传统政治的理想和追求加以社会 化。传统中国的反腐败经验即使在今天看来也具有重大的学习价值和借鉴意义, 全球 视野中的反腐败斗争不应忽视传统中国的历史经验。 关键词: 传统中国 反腐败 历史经验 China has a rich tradition of anti-corruption institutional design and cultural construction. Anti-corruption institutions in traditional China were based on a detailed system of anti- corruption charges as well as a dynamic system of prevention, monitoring, and punishment, facilitated by a unique system of supervision and salary increases to encourage honesty. At the same time, the idea of “ruling for the people” was advocated as a part of cultural construction, providing a non-institutional impetus for curbing corruption starting from the very source of power. The honesty and integrity of officials was transformed from a political ethic to an everyday ethic which was at the heart of anti-corruption efforts in traditional China. Moral administration, official integrity and cultivation of a professional ethic were stressed so that social education and family education shared the same goals and political ideals and goals were socialized. These experiences have implications for us even today, and should not be overlooked in the present worldwide struggle against corruption.