Abstract
ABSTRACTEscherichia coli contains 12 chaperone-usher operons for biosynthesis and assembly of various fimbriae. In this study, each of the 12 operons was deleted in E. coli MG1655, and the resulting 12 deletion mutants all grew better than the wild type, especially in the nutrient-deficient M9 medium. When the plasmid pBHR68 containing the key genes for polyhydroxyalkanoate production was introduced into these 12 mutants, each mutant synthesized more polyhydroxyalkanoate than the wild-type control. These results indicate that the fimbria removal in E. coli benefits cell growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Therefore, all 12 chaperone-usher operons, including 64 genes, were deleted in MG1655, resulting in the fimbria-lacking strain WQM026. WQM026 grew better than MG1655, and no fimbria structures were observed on the surface of WQM026 cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that in WQM026 cells, the genes related to glucose consumption, glycolysis, flagellar synthesis, and biosynthetic pathways of some key amino acids were upregulated, while the tricarboxylic acid cycle-related genes were downregulated. When pBHR68 was introduced into WQM026, huge amounts of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate were produced; when the plasmid pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC, containing the key genes for l-threonine biosynthesis and transport, was transferred into WQM026, more l-threonine was synthesized than with the control. These results suggest that this fimbria-lacking E. coli WQM026 is a good host for efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoate and l-threonine and has the potential to be developed into a valuable chassis microorganism.IMPORTANCE In this study, we investigated the interaction between the biosynthesis and assembly of fimbriae and intracellular metabolic networks in E. coli. We found that eliminating fimbriae could effectively improve the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate and l-threonine in E. coli MG1655. These results contribute to understanding the necessity of fimbriae and the advantages of fimbria removal for industrial microorganisms. The knowledge gathered from this study may be applied to the development of superior chassis microorganisms.
Highlights
Escherichia coli contains 12 chaperone-usher operons for biosynthesis and assembly of various fimbriae
There are no amino acids in M9 medium, and E. coli cells grown in M9 medium have to synthesize all 20 amino acids for protein synthesis [41]
The biosynthesis and assembly of fimbriae require a specialized periplasmic chaperone, an outer membrane usher platform, and a large number of transintimal fimbria subunits that would consume a lot of amino acids [2]
Summary
Escherichia coli contains 12 chaperone-usher operons for biosynthesis and assembly of various fimbriae. When the plasmid pBHR68 containing the key genes for polyhydroxyalkanoate production was introduced into these 12 mutants, each mutant synthesized more polyhydroxyalkanoate than the wild-type control These results indicate that the fimbria removal in E. coli benefits cell growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate production. When pBHR68 was introduced into WQM026, huge amounts of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate were produced; when the plasmid pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC, containing the key genes for L-threonine biosynthesis and transport, was transferred into WQM026, more L-threonine was synthesized than with the control These results suggest that this fimbrialacking E. coli WQM026 is a good host for efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoate and L-threonine and has the potential to be developed into a valuable chassis microorganism. Fimbriae could cause severe urinary tract infections and improve their recurrent rates [17, 18]
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