Construction of a Novel Oxalic Acid Biosensor Based on the Combination of Tissue Enzyme and Peroxide Mimic Enzyme

Abstract

A biosensor is considered an integrated receptor transducer device, with the ability to convert a biological impulse into an electrical signal. The amendment of biosensors has been recognized for its great potential by many researchers, due to its numerous applications e.g., environmental management, disease diagnosis, agricultural aspects, food companies, health care, drug monitoring, and water treatment as it can be used in the detection of water quality. Moreover, technological development of the biosensor is integrated with several merits such as affordability and enhancement in medical fields in disease detection and body response; furthermore, it is easy to use, effective, and scalable. This article briefly reviews how to construct an oxalic acid (OA) biosensor by integration of tissue enzymes and peroxide simulated enzymes. OA is converted to peroxide (H2O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with the help of the oxalate oxidase (OxOx) present in spinach leaves as catalyst. Afterwards, with the presence of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), nanoparticles (NPs) have a catalytic effect on concentrated H2O2 and chemiluminescence (CL) luminol (C8H7N3O2). Therefore, CL flow can be constructed under a biosensor to determine OA in the sample. The co-presence of tissue column and CoFe2O4, as well as a high level of relative CL intensity can be obtained. The biosensor based on H2O2 and involving inorganic nanomaterials has many advantages such as high efficiency, affordability, outstanding sensitivity, stability and selectivity, a fast response, and an extended range of linearity with a lower detection limit. In addition, optimization factors for the oxalate biosensor, limitations, and outlooks for the biosensor were also highlighted.