Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer, with a high incidence and mortality. Construction of a specific and sensitive prediction model for prognosis is urgently needed. In this study, profiles of patients with colon cancer with clinical and gene expression data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CXC chemokines in patients with colon cancer were investigated by differential expression gene analysis, overall survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL11 were upregulated in patients with colon cancer and significantly correlated with prognosis. The area under curve (AUC) of the multigene forecast model of CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was 0.705 in the GSE41258 dataset and 0.624 in TCGA. The prediction model was constructed using the risk score of the multigene model and three clinicopathological risk factors and exhibited 92.6% and 91.8% accuracy in predicting 3-year and 5-year overall survival of patients with colon cancer, respectively. In addition, by GSEA, expression of CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was correlated with several signaling pathways, including NOD-like receptor, oxidative phosphorylation, mTORC1, interferon-gamma response, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. Patients with colon cancer will benefit from this prediction model for prognosis, and this will pave the way to improve the survival rate and optimize treatment for colon cancer.
Highlights
Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors observed in the world [1]
Genes associated with patient survival of colon cancer could be identified as single prognostic biomarkers
We identified CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 as potential biomarkers; we established a multigene forecast model combining these chemokines
Summary
Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors observed in the world [1]. In the United States, colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death [2]. In China, colon cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death [3]. As a result of improvements in treatment and earlier detection, from the mid-1970s to the most recent time period (2006-2012), the 5-year relative survival rate for all stages of colon cancer increased from 51% to 66% [2]. Despite dramatic reductions in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, striking disparities by age, race, and tumor subsite remain [2, 4]. Novel biomarkers with clinical value are essential to improve compliance rates and predict poor prognoses for colon cancer
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