Construction of A−B heterolayer intermetallic crystals: Case studies of the 1144-phase TM-phosphides AB (TM) 4P4 (TM=Fe, Ru, Co, Ni)

Abstract

The discovery of the 1144-phase, e.g. CaKFe$_4$As$_4$, creates opportunities to build novel intermetallics with alternative stacking of two parent compounds. Here we formalize the idea by defining a class of bulk crystalline solids with $A$-$B$ stacking (including 1144-phases and beyond), which is a generalization of hetero-structures from few-layer or thin-film semi-conductors to bulk intermetallics. Theoretically, four families of phosphides \textit{AB}(TM)$_4$P$_4$ (TM=Fe, Ru, Co, Ni) are investigated by first-principles calculations, wherein configurational, vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom are considered. It predicts a variety of stable 1144-phases (especially Ru- and Fe-phosphides). Stability rules are found and structural/electronic properties are discussed. Experimentally, we synthesize high-purity CaKRu$_4$P$_4$ as a proof of principle example. The synthetic method is simple and easily applied. Moreover, it alludes to a strategy to explore complex multi-component compounds, facilitated by a phase diagram coordinated by collective descriptors.