Abstract
Breast cancer patients show significant heterogeneity in overall survival. Current assessment models are insufficient to accurately predict patient prognosis, and models for predicting treatment response are lacking. We evaluated the relationship between various immune cells and breast cancer and confirmed the association between immune infiltration and breast cancer progression. Different bioinformatics and statistical approaches were combined to construct a robust immune infiltration-related gene signature for predicting patient prognosis and responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Our research found that a higher immune infiltration-related risk score (IRS) indicates that the patient has a worse prognosis and is not very sensitive to immunotherapy. In addition, a new nomogram was constructed based on the gene signature and clinicopathological features to improve the risk stratification and quantify the risk assessment of individual patients. Our study might contribute to the optimization of the risk stratification for survival and the personalized management of breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer remains a major threat to women’s health and wellness
The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data generated from the Illumina HiSeq RNA-Seq platform and corresponding clinical information of 1007 breast cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and used as the training set
A total of 193 candidate genes, which were most associated with prognosis, were identified from the most immune-related weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) module
Summary
Breast cancer remains a major threat to women’s health and wellness. It is the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths among females worldwide [1]. Advances in early detection and treatment have greatly reduced breast cancer mortality, but patients still succumb to the development of metastasis from breast cancer. These sobering data indicate an urgent need for innovative approaches to breast cancer treatment based on chemotherapy and hormonal therapy to reduce disease recurrence and death from this disease. The immune system plays a key role in determining the occurrence of breast cancer and death, the response to standard therapy and the long-
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