Abstract
Melanoma can secrete tumor angiogenesis factors, which is the essential factor for tumor growth and metastasis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between angiogenesis factors and prognosis risk in melanoma. This study aimed to develop a prognostic risk model of angiogenesis for melanoma. Forty-nine differentially expressed angiogenesis were identified from the TCGA database, which were mainly involved in PI3K/Akt pathway, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling pathway. We then establish an eleven-gene signature. The model indicated a strong prognostic capability in both the discovery cohort and the validation cohort. Patients of smaller height (<170 cm) and lower weight (<80 kg) and those with advanced-stage and ulcerated melanoma had higher risk scores. The risk score was positively correlated with mutation load, homologous recombination defect, neoantigen load and chromosome instability. In addition, the high-risk group had a higher degree of immune cell infiltration, better response to immunotherapy and lower immune score. Therefore, these results indicate that the risk model is an effective method to predict the prognosis of melanoma.
Highlights
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a malignant skin tumor arising from the malignant transformation of melanocytes [1]
Pathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, targeting of the angiogenesis factors (AFs) have become a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma
The reported therapeutic targets, such as integrins, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR1-3), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1-4), plateletderived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), stem cell factor receptor (KIT), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), Eselectin, the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and invasive endothelial cells (ECS) [16,17,18,19,20], can be www.aging‐us.com inhibited by drugs like lenvatinib and propranolol, to delay tumor angiogenesis [17, 21]
Summary
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a malignant skin tumor arising from the malignant transformation of melanocytes [1]. Melanoma is less common than other skin cancers, it is more lethal, accounting for approximately 73% of skin cancer-related deaths [2]. According to the report from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it is estimated that there are more than 280,000 new cases and more than 60,000 related deaths each year worldwide [3]. Melanoma is caused by interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure [4]. Metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with melanoma [6]. Diagnosis of malignant skin cutaneous melanoma is difficult, and the prognosis is poor. Some risk factors are known, early diagnosis and treatment are still the only strategies to www.aging‐us.com improve prognosis [7]. It is critical to establish a multidimensional model to characterize the processing of melanoma
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