Abstract
Detailed characterization of physical and fuel properties of construction and demolition waste (CDW) can support research and commercial efforts to develop sustainable aviation fuels. The current study reports time-series data for bulk density, mineral composition, reactivity, and fuel properties (proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, heating value and ash fusibility) of the combustible material fraction of samples mined from an active CDW landfill on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. The fuel properties are in ranges comparable to other reference solid wastes such as demolition wood, municipal solid wastes, and landfilled materials. Ash fusion temperatures (from initial deformation to fluid deformation) among the samples were found to lie in a narrow range from 1,117 to 1,247°C. Despite higher ash contents, the CDW derived feedstock samples had comparable heating values to reference biomass and construction wood samples, indicating the presence of higher energy content materials (e.g., plastics, roofing material, etc.) in addition to wood. The waste samples show lower reactivity peaks in the devolatilization stage, but higher reactivity peaks (located at lower temperatures) in the gasification and combustion stage, compared with those of reference biomass and construction woods. Mineral elemental analysis revealed that materials from various sources (gypsum, plastic, rust, paint, paint additives, and soils) were present in the samples. Soil recovered from the landfill contained higher Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels than soil samples from elsewhere on the island. Results from this study can provide insight on variations in the physical and fuel properties of the CDW derived feedstocks, and support the design of conversion systems.
Highlights
Construction and demolition waste (CDW), one of the major wastes associated with population growth and rapid industrial development, is generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings and civil-engineering structures
The lowest fraction (1.2–13.6 wt%) in CDW derived feedstock (CDWDF) belongs to the non-wood material, which may include rubber, plastics, paper, and textile
The landfill studied by García-López et al (García-López et al, 2019) accepted municipal solid waste (MSW), which would result in a lower wood fraction than CDWDF
Summary
Construction and demolition waste (CDW), one of the major wastes associated with population growth and rapid industrial development, is generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings and civil-engineering structures. More than 90% of CDW is generated by Construction & Demolition Wastes for SAF demolition and renovation activities, while construction waste accounts for the rest (US EPA, 2017). CDW may be mixed with other municipal wastes and/or hazardous materials. Asphalt, bricks, metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), wood, gypsum, glass, plastics, fibers, and soils are major components of CDW. They may contain potentially hazardous elements and chemicals at trace concentration levels (Clark et al, 2006), e.g., arsenic (in termite treated wood), cadmium (in paints and batteries), lead (in paints and batteries), mercury (in electrical switches and thermostats), asbestos insulations, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Improper disposal or management of CDW may cause negative impacts on human health and the surrounding environment, regulations and standards have been promulgated and enforced to reduce unsafe management and utilization (Clark et al, 2006)
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