Abstract
From the perspective of supply chain, benchmarking the embodied carbon flows and emissions landscape is to study the carbon footprint in supply chain production and process management. On the basis of the theory of a green supply chain, this paper conducted its research through the following steps. First, a multi-level supply chain model was proposed and established, and various sectors, production and management processes, and inputs and outputs of different resources were integrated into the supply chain network, and then divided into multiple levels. Second, a multi-level embodied carbon flow and emissions model was established through the Leontief Inverse. Third, based on the operation data of forestry-pulp and paper companies, the embodied carbon flows and emissions at all levels and sectors were estimated and analyzed. Finally, the dismantling and processing methods of complex carbon network structures were explored, the hot-spot carbon sources and paths were obtained, and the low-carbon innovation and development strategies were proposed. The research results show that: (1) Supply chain is a new idea and carrier to study the spatial and state changes of carbon, and also provides a platform for spatial landscape analysis of carbon; (2) The modeling and calculation of carbon flows and emissions offer a new solution of evaluating the environmental performance of companies with high pollution and emission such as forestry-pulp and paper companies, and provide the government effective technical support to implement environmental regulations and formulate carbon emission reduction policies.
Highlights
The concept of a green supply chain has been the focus of all participants since it was put forward by Michigan State University in 1996
The carbon flows and emissions embodied in the forest pulp supply chain are calculated based on the material flow, and the material balance between inputs and outputs at all levels is a major factor to consider [27]
Based on the above calculation model, the embodied carbon flows and direct carbon emissions of each sector in the supply chain are calculated with the product demand of 1000 t paper and 500 t commercial pulp being the reference objects, and the results are marked on Figure 4
Summary
The concept of a green supply chain has been the focus of all participants since it was put forward by Michigan State University in 1996. The government’s environmental regulations have become more and more stringent [4], and consumers are increasingly focused on environment-friendly products and services [5]. All these force companies to reduce the carbon footprint embodied in products and business operations and work harder to balance business performance and environmental performance [6,7]. The green supply chain effectively integrates corporate environmental strategy and supply chain management, and establishes an information communication mechanism for companies’ organizational units, production processes and even market needs, providing a platform for green recycling and design of supply chains
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