Abstract
<p>Since the 1970s, governments around the world have developed environmental regulations and environmental management system (EMSs). Public and private enterprises are obligated to comply with EMSs to prevent environmental pollution. After the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) published the ISO 14001 EMS in September 1996, environmental certification became a focus of attention for enterprises worldwide. Subsequently, various EMSs, such as the ISO 14064-1 Greenhouse Gas Emission Auditing System in 2006 and the ISO 50001 Energy Management System in 2011, have been developed. Governments can demand environmental certification to enforce compliance with environmental regulations. Furthermore, environmental certification can motivate enterprises to improve environmentally relevant practices, conserve energy, and lower costs. This study establishes an ontological knowledge model of shareable and reusable environmental certification index systems. According to this knowledge model, an environmental certification system, an environmental performance index system, and a leather-industry-exclusive environmental certification system were created using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) found in the Protégé platform. The relationship between the EMSs and the performance indices was then generalized to explain the certification systems and their attainable performance indices to enterprise owners. Thus, enterprise owners can select applicable EMSs according to this EMS ontology.</p>
Highlights
Since the 1970s, governments around the world have developed environmental regulations and environmental management systems (EMSs)
Ontology in the general sense is the philosophical study of the essences of entities that exist in nature; it involves a systematic description on the entities that exist in the real world, and it is not expressed in one specific language(Bunge, 1977)
The ontological structures of the environmental certification systems were created through the use of the OWL in Protégé
Summary
Since the 1970s, governments around the world have developed environmental regulations and environmental management systems (EMSs). Environmental certification can guarantee that enterprises comply with environmental regulations and can improve the natural environment, conserve energy, and lower costs which can be the green competitiveness of the firm. Commonly simplified as “Protege,” is an ontological editing and knowledge acquisition platform developed at Leland Stanford Junior University. It is open source software written in Java. Protégé is one of the most widely employed ontological editing platforms because of its exceptional design and abundant set of plug-in modules. Protégé is used to edit ontological structures and knowledge bases. Protégé provides an extensible independent platform environment for constructing and editing ontological structures and knowledge bases
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