Abstract
Tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) has been widely regarded as a prospective bifunctional material due to its electrochromic and pseudocapacitive properties, while still facing the dilemma of inadequate cycle stability and trapping-induced degradation. Here, inspired by the trees-strengthening approach, a unique titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanorod arrays strengthened WO<sub>3</sub> nano-trees (TWNTs) heterojunction was rationally designed and constructed. In sharp contrast to the transmittance modulation (Δ<i>T</i>) attenuation of primary WO<sub>3</sub> nano-trees during cycling, the TWNTs film showed not only excellent electrochromic performance but also fascinating cycle stability (77.35% retention of the initial Δ<i>T</i> after 10,000 cycles). Besides, the trapping-induced degradation could be easily rejuvenated by a potentiostatic de-trapping process. An electrochromic energy storage device (EESD) was further assembled based on the TWNTs film to deliver excellent Δ<i>T</i> (up to 79.5% at 633 nm), fast switching speed (<i>t</i><sub>c</sub>/<i>t</i><sub>b</sub> =1.9 s/14.8 s), extremely high coloration efficiency value (443.4 cm<sup>2</sup>·C<sup>−1</sup>), and long-term cycle stability (over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles). This innovative study provided in-depth insights into the electrochromism nature and a significant step in the realization of stable electrochromic-energy storage application, paving the way for multifunctional smart windows as well as next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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